北斗/GNSS用于冻土区地表多参数监测研究

BeiDou/GNSS for surface multi-parameter monitoring in permafrost regions

  • 摘要: 多年冻土的活动层具有周期性的变化规律,使用传统测量方法监测冻土形变不能满足高精度、低成本连续观测的需求. GNSS定位技术可以很好解决这些问题,但使用传统大地测量型接收机的监测系统成本较高,限制了该技术的普及. 为提高冻土监测的普适性,本文提出使用监测专用的普适性北斗/GNSS接收机结合供电系统以及物联网技术组成一套普适性冻土综合监测系统. 通过精密单点定位(precise point positioning,PPP)技术获取冻土地面形变并反演大气可降水量(precipitable water vapor, PWV),并利用全球导航卫星系统干涉反射(Global Navigation Satellite System Interferometric Reflectometry, GNSS-IR)技术反演冻土区域地表环境参数,实现冻土区域多参数的综合监测,为保证GNSS数据的质量,使用Anubis软件对观测文件的数据质量进行了综合分析. 结果显示在正常情况下观测数据的信噪比和多路径误差满足要求,数据完整率较低,部分观测数据的周跳比较高,利用四系统融合解算得到的冻土形变在精度和稳定性上相较于单北斗和单GPS系统都更好,多系统融合获得的PWV和雪深序列能够较好的反映测站环境的变化,土壤湿度反演结果与ERA5土壤湿度产品能够较好的匹配. 该普适性北斗/GNSS监测系统为监测冻土地区地面形变和环境参数提供了一种高效且经济的方案,为冻土灾害预警、冻土退化评估等提供数据支持的同时,拓展了北斗/GNSS在冻土地区监测的应用价值.

     

    Abstract: The active layer of permafrost has a periodic variation law. Using traditional measurement methods to monitor the deformation of permafrost cannot meet the needs of high-precision and low-cost continuous observation, and GNSS positioning technology can solve these problems well. However, the cost of monitoring system using traditional geodetic receiver is high, which limits the popularization of this technology. In order to improve the universality of frozen soil monitoring, this paper proposes to use a universal BeiDou/GNSS receiver for monitoring combined with power supply system and Internet of Things technology to form a universal frozen soil comprehensive monitoring system. The precise point positioning (PPP) technology is used to obtain the ground deformation of frozen soil and invert the atmospheric precipitable water, and the Global Navigation Satellite System Interference Reflection (GNSS-IR) technology is used to invert the surface environmental parameters of frozen soil area, so as to realize the comprehensive monitoring of multi-parameters in frozen soil area. In order to ensure the quality of GNSS data, the Anubis software was used to comprehensively analyze the data quality of the observation files. The results show that under normal circumstances, the signal-to-noise ratio and multipath error of the observation data meet the requirements, the data integrity rate is low, and the cycle slip ratio of some observation data is higher. The frozen soil deformation calculated by the four-system fusion is better than that of the single BeiDou and single GPS systems in terms of accuracy and stability. The PWV and snow depth sequences obtained by multi-system fusion can better reflect the changes in the station environment. The inversion results of soil moisture can be well matched with the ERA5 soil moisture product. The universal BeiDou/GNSS monitoring system provides an efficient and economical scheme for monitoring ground deformation and environmental parameters in permafrost regions. It provides data support for permafrost disaster warning and permafrost degradation assessment, and expands the application value of BeiDou/GNSS monitoring in permafrost regions.

     

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