GNSS-IR潮位反演与潮波分析方法及精度评估

GNSS-IR tide level inversion and tidal wave analysis methods and accuracy evaluation

  • 摘要: 海平面变化对海洋生态与人类生产生活具有重要影响,精确的潮位监测可为沿海城市安全保障与气象气候研究提供数据支持. 全球导航卫星系统干涉反射测量(Global Navigation Satellite System Interferometric Reflectometry, GNSS-IR)技术凭借全天候、低成本和高时间分辨率的优势,已成为潮位反演与潮波分析的重要工具. 为探究潮位反演精度与潮波分析精度的不一致性,选取中国香港HKQT测站2024年8月1日至8月30日的四大卫星导航系统数据进行潮位反演与潮波分析. 结果表明:经过海面动态改正与3倍中误差(3σ)原则剔除粗差后,潮位反演精度为12~14 cm,潮波分析精度为8~10 cm. 海面动态改正整体上有效降低潮位反演与潮波分析误差,潮位反演精度平均提升6.93%,潮波分析精度平均提升10.18%. 各系统潮位反演和潮波分析精度存在差异,采用3σ原则剔除粗差并进行海面动态改正后,北斗卫星导航系统(BeiDou Navigation Satellite System, BDS)在四系统中潮位反演精度最高,为12.53 cm,潮波分析精度为8.42 cm,在四系统中位于第二,仅比潮波分析精度最高的GPS低2.81%.

     

    Abstract: Sea level changes have significant impacts on marine ecosystems and human production and life. Accurate tidal level monitoring can provide data support for the safety of coastal cities and meteorological and climate research. The Global Navigation Satellite System Interferometric Reflectometry (GNSS-IR) technology, with its advantages of all-weather operation, low cost, and high temporal resolution, has become an important tool for tidal level inversion and tidal wave analysis. To explore the inconsistency between tidal level inversion accuracy and tidal wave analysis accuracy, data from four major satellite navigation systems at the HKQT station in Hong Kong, China, from August 1 to August 30, 2024, were selected for tidal level inversion and tidal wave analysis. The results show that after applying sea surface dynamic corrections and eliminating outliers using the threefold median absolute deviation (3σ) principle, the tidal level inversion accuracy reached 12~14 cm, and the tidal wave analysis accuracy reached 8~10 cm. The sea surface dynamic corrections effectively reduced errors in both tidal level inversion and tidal wave analysis, with an average improvement of 6.93% in tidal level inversion accuracy and 10.18% in tidal wave analysis accuracy. Differences in accuracy were observed among the systems for both tidal level inversion and tidal wave analysis. After applying the 3σ principle to eliminate outliers and performing sea surface dynamic corrections, the BDS system achieved the highest tidal level inversion accuracy among the four systems at 12.53 cm, while its tidal wave analysis accuracy was 8.42 cm, ranking second among the four systems and only 2.81% lower than the GPS system, which had the highest tidal wave analysis accuracy.

     

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