GNSS卫星钟长期性能与稳定性分析

Long-term performance and stability analysis of GNSS satellite clocks

  • 摘要: 作为导航系统的核心单元,卫星钟的稳定性对GNSS的导航、定位和授时精度有着至关重要的作用. 为全面分析当前四大GNSS系统卫星钟的长期性能与稳定性,采用中位数、钟差拟合模型及Hadamard方差等方法,对全球导航卫星连续监测评估系统(international GNSS Monitoring and Assessment System, iGMAS)数据站提供的精密钟差产品进行预处理后,综合对比分析了不同GNSS系统卫星钟的性能. 发现全球导航卫星连续监测评估系统(international GNSS Monitoring and Assessment System, iGMAS)和Galileo的氢钟表现出很高的稳定性,数据变化趋势稳定,中断较少,千秒级的稳定性达到10−14量级,万秒级的稳定性可达10−15量级;BDS-3铷钟和GPS原子钟的表现次之,存在一定的数据跳变和中断,BDS-3铷钟的千秒稳定度为10−14量级,GPS卫星钟的千秒稳定度为10−13量级,万秒稳定度均为10−14量级;GLONASS卫星钟的数据连续性较差,跳变现象显著,千秒和万秒稳定度均为10−13量级,整体性能最差.

     

    Abstract: As the core component of a navigation system, the stability of satellite clocks plays a crucial role in the positioning, navigation, and timing accuracy of GNSS systems. To comprehensively analyze the long-term performance and stability of satellite clocks in four major GNSS systems, a series of methods were employed, including median analysis, clock deviation fitting models, and Hadamard variance method. After preprocessing the precise clock offset products provided by iGMAS, a comparative analysis of the performance of satellite clocks across different GNSS systems was conducted. The results show that the hydrogen masers in BDS-3 and Galileo exhibit high stability, with stable data trends, few interruptions, and a stability level at the 10−14 magnitude for the millisecond scale and 10−15 for the microsecond scale. The rubidium clocks of BDS-3 and the GPS system perform slightly worse, with some data jumps and interruptions. The millisecond stability of BDS-3 rubidium clocks is at the 10−14 level, while GPS satellite clocks demonstrate millisecond stability at the 10−13 level, with both systems achieving 10−14 stability at the microsecond scale. GLONASS satellite clocks exhibit poor data continuity, with significant jump phenomena, and both the millisecond and microsecond stability are at the 10−13 level, showing the overall worst performance.

     

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