Abstract: Owing to various observation environment, the real-time kinematic (RTK) performance of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) receiver has not been reasonably evaluated. Signal recording and playback instrument detecting the RTK performance of GNSS receiver is proposed. The stability of playback signal and diversity with real GNSS signal are studied. The result show the stability of signal recording and playback instrument is less than 1 mm, this reveals that playback signal has high repeatability. Compared with real GNSS signal, the RTK accuracy of receiver detected by signal recording and playback instrument is lower due to the instrument noise, but accuracy error does not exceed 1/3 of the nominal RTK accuracy, signal recording and playback instrument meets the requirements as test instrument. Therefore, it is feasible to utilize signal recording and playback instrument with high stability detect the RTK performance of GNSS receiver. This method can solve the trouble of poor GNSS receiver consistency, owe to various observation environment. signal recording and playback instrument will be instructive for GNSS receiver research, production and detection.