Abstract: The earth natural vector field positioning and navigation has strong independence and autonomy, and becomes an important auxiliary support and effective supplement for the application and development of satellite navigation system, it can improve the navigation effect of multi-sensor fusion. The formation mechanism of the Earth’s natural vector fields, such as gravity field, geomagnetic field, geomorphologic elevation field, polarization field and electrostatic field, and the theoretical and methodological models for positioning and navigation are studied in this paper, in view of the technical development of the earth natural vector field positioning and navigation and the research history at home and abroad, a complete theoretical and technical system is formed, it provides important theoretical reference and research support for deepening the research on the theoretical model and technical methods of geo-vector field positioning and navigation, and promoting the development of multi-source positioning and navigation technology.