Abstract: The long and narrow closed physical structures and complex channel characteristics of sheltered spaces, such as underground pipe corridors and building interiors, pose a significant challenge to high-precision positioning and navigation. This article combs and analyzes the adaptability of typical scenarios and technical means in sheltered space, and quantifies the challenges faced by high-precision navigation and positioning in sheltered space. The future development of sheltered space positioning systems is prospected, and a high-precision positioning and navigation system architecture suitable for complex environments in sheltered space is designed. The network diagram is integrated. A hybrid positioning network is built based on multimode systems such as ultra wide band (UWB), BeiDou pseudo-satellite, and near-ultrasonic positioning to achieve full scene coverage in sheltered space. Compared with currently commonly used radio positioning systems, it has achieved significant improvements in positioning accuracy, coverage performance, and other aspects.