Abstract: With the rapid development of space exploration engineering in China, the demand for the accuracy of earth orientation parameters is higher and higher. This paper introduces the measurement principle of earth orientation parameters (EOP), comprehensively describes the measurement principle and characteristics of the existing classical optical observation means and modern space geodesy means represented by VLBI, GNSS, Doris, LLR/SLR, etc, and make a prospect of the autonomous measurement and service of EOPs. It also provides data basis for the establishment of autonomous earth orientation parameters measurement system in China.