Single-frequency single-point positioning performance analysis of combined BDS-3/GNSS systems in Asia-Pacific

BeiDou-3 Navigation Satellite System (BDS-3) has provided positioning navigation and timing (PNT) services for users worldwide. This paper analyzed the single-frequency single-point positioning (SPP) performance of BDS-3 and its combination with other Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) in terms of the mean number of visible satellites, geomettic dilution of precision (GDOP), positioning accuracy, positioning success ratio and pseudo-range residuals using 7 day observations collected at MGEX WHU2 station. The results show that, in the Asia-Pacific region, the RMS of BDS-3 SPP results is 1.19 m, 2.34 m, and 2.38 m in horizontal, vertical and three-dimensional (3D), respectively, the performance of BDS-3 SPP is better that the GPS, GLONASS and Galileo. The 3D accuracy of BDS-3 SPP is improved by 54.8%, 27.2%, 86.4% and 1.2%, respectively, compared with the BDS-2, GPS, GLONASS and Galileo SPP. The accuracy of the combined BDS/GPS/Galileo SPP is 0.96 m, 1.66 m and 1.77 m in horizontal, vertical and 3D, respectively, which is the best among the multi-GNSS SPP. Compared with the BDS SPP results, the accuracy of the combined BDS/GPS/Galileo SPP is improved by 18.6%, 19.4%, and 17.3% in horizontal, vertical and 3D, respectively.