Development status and trend of international satellite based augmentation systems
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摘要: 为推动GNSS在高生命安全领域的应用，出现了以星基增强系统(Satellite-Based Augmentation System，SBAS)为代表的增强手段，全面提升了GNSS服务的精度、完好性、连续性和可用性. 美国、日本等国家及欧洲均已启动了SBAS性能提升工作，从单频增强系统向双频增强系统进行过渡，以期进一步提升星基增强服务能力. 本文对国际SBAS的组成、服务性能、进展情况和后续发展规划进行了总结, 并重点介绍了我国北斗星基增强系统(BeiDou Satellite-Based Augmentation System，BDSBAS)的系统架构、服务能力、应用验证评估工作和国际化推进情况. 随着国际民用航空组织(International Civil Aviation Organization，ICAO)最新版国际民用航空公约附件10的生效，BDSBAS已成为国际认可的星基增强服务系统. 后续，为了推动BDSBAS在高生命安全领域的应用，需要尽快完成民航应用验证评估工作，使得BDSBAS跻身正式服务行列.
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关键词:
- 卫星导航系统 /
- 星基增强系统(SBAS) /
- 北斗星基增强系统(BDSBAS) /
- 双频多星座(DFMC) /
- 国际民用航空组织(ICAO)
Abstract: In order to promote the application of GNSS in the field of high life-safety, augmentation means, represented by Satellite Based Augmentation Systems (SBAS), have emerged to comprehensively improve the accuracy, integrity, continuity and availability of GNSS service. The United States, Europe, Japan and other countries have started the SBAS performance improvement work, from single frequency SBAS to dual-frequency SBAS transition, to further improve SBAS performance. This paper summarizes the system composition, service performance, system progress and follow-up development planning of the international SBASs, and focuses on the system architecture, service capability, application verification and internationalization process of BeiDou Satellite-based Augmentation System (BDSBAS). With the implementation of the latest International Civil Aviation Organization(ICAO) Annex 10 to the Convention on International Civil Aviation, BDSBAS has become an internationally recognized provider of SBAS service. Subsequently, to promote the application of BDSBAS in the field of high life safety, it is necessary to complete the verification of civil aviation applications as soon as possible, so that BDSBAS can be included in the official services. -
表 1 GNSS应用于民用航空的性能要求[6]
飞行阶段 水平/垂直精度 完好性 连续性 可用性 完好性风险 水平/垂直
告警门限告警
时间航路 3.7 km 1×10−7/h 3.7 km 5 min 1-10−4~1-10−8/ h 0.99~ 0.99999 终端区 3.7 km 1×10−7/h 1.85 km 15 s 1-10−4~1-10−8/ h 0.99~ 0.99999 非精密进近(NPA) 220 m 1×10−7/h 556 m 10 s 1-10−4~1-10−8/ h 0.99~ 0.99999 一类垂直引导进近(APV-I)/决断高度
75 m垂直导航信标性能(LPV-250)16 m/20 m 2×10−7/150 s 40 m/50 m 10 s 1-8×10−6/15 s 0.99~ 0.99999 决断高度60 m垂直导航信标性能(LPV-200) 16 m/4 m 2×10−7/150 s 40 m/35 m 6.2 s 1-8×10−6/15 s 0.99~ 0.99999 二类垂直引导进近(APV-II) 16 m/8 m 2×10−7/150 s 40 m/20 m 6 s 1-8×10−6/15 s 0.99~ 0.99999 一类精密进近(CAT I) 16 m/4~6 m 2×10−7/150 s 40 m/10~15 m 6 s 1-8×10−6/15 s 0.99~ 0.99999 
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表 2 国际SBAS系统综合比对
SBAS系统 服务供应商标识 单频增强服务 双频增强服务 增强对象 服务等级 服务状态 增强对象 预期服务等级 服务状态 WAAS 0 GPS L1 LPV-200 正式运行 GPS L1/L5 CAT I 建设中 EGNOS 1 GPS L1 LPV-200 正式运行 GPS L1/L5
Galileo E1/E5CAT I 建设中 MSAS 2 GPS L1 NPA 正式运行 论证中 LPV-250 测试中 LPV-200 论证中 GAGAN 3 GPS L1 APV-I 正式运行 SDCM 4 GPS L1 APV-I 试运行 GLONASS L1/L3
BDS B1C/B2a建设中 APV-II 试运行 GPS L1/L5
Galileo E1/E5BDSBAS 5 GPS L1 APV-I 试运行 GPS L1/L5
BDS B1C/B2aCAT I 试运行 KASS 6 GPS L1 正式运行 论证中 ANGA 7 GPS L1 LPV-200 测试中 GPS L1/L5
Galileo E1/E5CAT I
(LPV-200)测试中 SouthPAN 8 GPS L1 LPV-200 测试中 GPS L1/L5
Galileo E1/E5LPV-200 测试中 Pak-SBAS 申请中 GPS L1 建设中 GPS L1/L5
BDS B1C/B2a建设中
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表 3 BDSBAS增强服务性能指标
性能指标 单频增强服务 双频增强服务 精度 水平 16 m 16 m 垂直 20 m 4 m 完好性 告警时间 10 s 6 s 完好性风险 2×10−7/150 s 2×10−7/150 s 水平告警门限 40 m 40 m 垂直告警门限 50 m 10 m 连续性 1-8×10−6/15 s 1-8×10−6/15 s 可用性 99% 99.9%
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