Super-resolution optical camera for sky polarization field navigation
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摘要: 天空偏振光场可以用于导航，但目前尚未出现一款可应用于实际的偏振导航系统，其原因之一是用于采集天空偏振光场的成像相机尚未有统一规格. 本文设计了一款可以兼顾天空偏振场导航的超分辨成像的偏振光学相机. 应用分焦平面偏振探测器实现快速偏振图像信息获取，采用快速移动平台与光学系统融合设计的方法满足对特殊高分辨率要求, 给出了相机系统的设计结果，介绍了超分辨偏振相机的标定方法并实现了精准标定，获取了用于图像与探测器之间位移控制的精准电压曲线. 应用该数据准确实现了对目标场景的偏振图像获取，同时高质量获取了天空偏振场分布数据. 本文所给出的研究结果具有达到衍射极限的成像能力，光学相机具有小于50 μm的场曲、小于0.7‰的畸变，同时又具有优于2倍及以上的超分辨成像能力，以高质量线偏振图像数据的获取为后续偏振精准导航和偏振特征测量提供原始数据基础.Abstract: The sky polarized light field can be used for navigation, but there is currently no polarization navigation system that can be applied in practical environment. One of the reasons is that the imaging camera used to collect the sky polarized light field is not standardized. This paper designs a super-resolution imaging polarization optical camera with the sky polarization field navigation. We apply a focal plane polarization detector to achieve the fast polarization image information acquisition and adopt a method of integrating fast moving platforms with optical systems to meet the special high-resolution requirements. This paper presents the design results of the camera system, introduces the calibration method of the super-resolution polarization camera and achieves the precise calibration. The precise voltage curve used for displacement control between the image and the detector is obtained. We utilize this data to accurately obtain polarization images of the target scene, while also obtaining the high-quality sky polarization field distribution data. The research results presented in this article have imaging capabilities that reach the diffraction limit. Optical cameras have the field curvature better than 50 μm, the distortion better than 0.7‰, and super-resolution imaging capabilities better than 2 times. The acquisition of high-quality linear polarization image data provides a raw data foundation for the subsequent polarization precise navigation and polarization feature measurement.
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表 1 偏振相机的基本参数表
参数 指标 像素规模 2448×2048 像素尺寸 3.45μm×3.45μm 观测视场 对角线视场：30°
横纵视场：24.2°×20.3°畸变 优于0.7‰ 时间分辨率 30帧/秒 光学谱段 450~750 nm 功能 快速成像 超分辨 
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