Navigation accuracy and applicability analysis of GNSS technology in GEO and IGSO spacecraft
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摘要: 现阶段高轨道航天器导航主要依靠地基测控系统，为了研究全球卫星导航系统(GNSS)技术用于高轨道航天器导航的可行性，对GNSS技术在地球静止轨道(GEO)卫星、倾斜地球同步轨道(IGSO)卫星航天器中的导航精度及适用性展开了分析研究. 采用2021年11月9日的两行轨道数据(TLE)仿真GNSS星座，以不同星下点的GEO卫星和不同倾角的IGSO卫星作为目标星展开导航仿真试验. 实验结果表明：为了满足GNSS解算所需的卫星数量，须通过接收旁瓣信号来增加可见卫星数目. 对GEO目标星而言，当接收机灵敏度高于−169 dB时，导航精度可达30 m；利用GPS对7个不同的GEO或IGSO轨道目标星进行导航实验表明，GPS对目标星导航的位置误差约为35 m；北斗三号(BDS-3)、GPS、GLONASS、Galileo的导航位置误差均值分别为28.03 m、21.16 m、37.15 m、25.09 m，具有良好的内符合精度，其中GPS精度最高，GLONASS精度最低，但大部分时段也在45 m内.
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关键词:
- 全球卫星导航系统(GNSS) /
- 高轨道航天器 /
- 卫星可见性 /
- 几何精度衰减因子(GDOP) /
- 位置误差
Abstract: At present, the navigation of high-orbit spacecraft mainly relies on ground-based measurement and control systems. In order to study the feasibility of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) technology in high-orbit spacecraft navigation, the navigation accuracy and adaptability of GNSS technology in geostationary earth orbit (GEO) and inclined geosynchronous orbit (IGSO) high-orbit spacecraft were analyzed and studied. The GNSS navigation satellite constellation was simulated using two-line orbital element (TLE) on November 9, 2021. GEO satellites at different sub-satellite points and IGSO satellites at different inclination angles were used as target satellites to carry out navigation experiments. The experimental results show that: In order to meet the number of satellites required for GNSS calculation, the number of visible satellites must be increased by receiving sidelobe signals; for GEO target satellites, when the receiver sensitivity is higher than −169 dB, the navigation accuracy can reach 30 m; the GPS system is used to conduct navigation and orbit determination experiments on 7 different GEO or IGSO orbits; the average accuracy of BeiDou-3 Navigation Satellite System (BDS-3), GPS, GLONASS, and Galileo in high-orbit spacecraft navigation is 28.03 m, 21.16 m, 37.15 m, and 25.09 m, respectively. GPS has the highest accuracy and GLONASS has the lowest accuracy, but it is also 45 m in most periods within. -
表 2 不同目标星轨道参数
卫星编号 星下点 轨道倾角 GEO-1 100°W 0° GEO-2 10°W 0° GEO-3 170°E 0° GEO-4 80°E 0° IGSO-5 100°W 30° IGSO-6 100°W 60° IGSO-7 100°W 90° 
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表 3 四大卫星导航系统仿真参数
导航系统 载波频率 卫星
个数轨道
个数轨道
倾角/（°）轨道高度/
kmBDS 1 561.098 MHz 24+2 3 55.0 21 528 GPS 1 575.42 MHz 30 6 55.0 20 200 GLONASS 1 602+5 625*k MHz 27 3 64.8 19 100 Galileo 1 575.423 MHz 26 3 56.0 23 223
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表 4 不同接收机频率对应卫星可见性百分比
灵敏度/dB ≥4 ≥5 ≥6 ≥7 ≥8 ≥9 ≥10 ≥11 ≥12 ≥13 ≥14 ≥15 ≥16 −165 0.21 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.000 0.000 0.00 0.00 −166 93.95 80.48 57.43 32.15 12.63 2.43 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.000 0.000 0.00 0.00 −167 100.00 99.79 98.81 92.29 79.86 61.25 38.95 14.44 2.15 0.277 0.000 0.00 0.00 −168 100.00 100.00 100.00 99.65 98.10 95.90 86.94 73.40 47.91 21.310 7.430 1.94 0.06 −169 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 99.79 98.75 94.23 83.260 61.870 35.69 14.02 −170 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 99.790 98.120 92.15 68.33 −171 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.000 99.580 98.26 87.71 −172 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.000 99.860 99.02 95.48 −173 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.000 100.000 99.72 98.95 −174 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.000 100.000 99.93 99.51 −175 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.000 100.000 100.00 100.00
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表 5 不同接收机频率对应GDOP值、GACC误差均值及其STD值
灵敏度/dB GDOP GACC/m 误差STD/m −167 15.92 77.62 71.11 −168 10.57 52.87 15.37 −169 8.55 42.78 5.94 −170 7.59 37.99 5.06 −171 6.97 34.86 4.63 −172 6.58 32.91 4.24 −173 6.21 31.08 3.18 −174 5.89 29.46 3.13 −175 5.61 28.05 2.83
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表 6 不同GEO/IGSO目标星可见性、GACC误差均值及其STD值
目标星 可见卫星数 GACC/m STD/m GEO-1 16.85 34.87 4.63 GEO-2 16.94 34.61 4.34 GEO-3 16.94 34.61 4.35 GEO-4 16.85 34.87 4.63 IGSO-5 17.47 32.79 3.36 IGSO-6 17.07 33.84 4.37 IGSO-7 17.28 33.58 4.41
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表 7 四大导航卫星系统卫星可见性与GDOP值
导航系统 可见卫星数 GDOP BDS-3 16.57 5.61 GPS 23.69 4.23 GLONASS 16.52 7.43 Galileo 16.88 5.02
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表 8 四大卫星导航系统GACC误差均值及STD值
m 导航系统 均值 STD BDS-3 28.03 2.55 GPS 21.16 1.51 GLONASS 37.15 4.52 Galileo 25.09 3.30
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